Ukraine ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanga peteroli ku isi

I. Kubika umutungo w'ingufu
Ukraine yari umwe mu bacukura peteroli ku isi.Toni zigera kuri miriyoni 375 za peteroli na gaze ya gazi yatunganijwe kuva byakoreshwa mu nganda.Toni zigera kuri miliyoni 85 zacukuwe mu myaka 20 ishize.Umubare rusange w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Ukraine ni toni miliyari 1.041, harimo toni miliyoni 705 za peteroli na toni miliyoni 366 za gaze y’amazi.Ikwirakwizwa cyane mubice bitatu byingenzi bikungahaye kuri peteroli na gaze: iburasirazuba, iburengerazuba namajyepfo.Umukandara wa peteroli na gaze muburasirazuba bingana na 61% bya peteroli ya Ukraine.Muri kariya karere hashyizweho imirima 205 ya peteroli, 180 muri yo ikaba ari iy'igihugu.Imirima nyamukuru ya peteroli ni Lelyakivske, Hnidyntsivske, Hlynsko-Rozbyshevske nibindi.Umukandara wa peteroli na gaze yuburengerazuba uherereye cyane cyane mukarere ka Carpathian yo hanze, harimo Borslavskoe, DOLynske nandi mavuta ya peteroli.Umukandara wa peteroli na gaze mu majyepfo uherereye cyane cyane mu burengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y’inyanja Yirabura, mu majyaruguru y’inyanja ya Azov, muri Crimée, no ku nyanja ya Ukraine mu nyanja yirabura no ku nyanja ya Azov.Muri kariya gace havumbuwe imirima 39 ya peteroli na gaze, harimo 10 bya peteroli.Mu burasirazuba bwa peteroli-gazi, ubucucike bwa peteroli ni 825-892 kg / m3, naho ibirimo kerosine ni 0.01-5.4%, sulfure ni 0.03-0.79%, lisansi ni 9-34%, na mazutu ni 26-39 %.Ubucucike bwa peteroli mu mukandara wa peteroli na gaze ni 818-856 kg / m3, hamwe na kerosene 6-11%, sulferi 0.23-0,79%, lisansi 21-30% na mazutu 23-32%.
Ii.Umusaruro no gukoresha
Muri 2013, Ukraine yakuyemo toni miliyoni 3.167 za peteroli, itumiza toni 849.000, yohereza toni 360.000, kandi itwara toni miliyoni 4.063 z’inganda.
Politiki n’ingufu
Amategeko n'amabwiriza y'ingenzi mu bijyanye na peteroli na gaze ni: Itegeko rya peteroli na gaze muri Ukraine No 2665-3 ryo ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2011, Itegeko ryo gutwara imiyoboro ya Ukraine No 192-96 ryo ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1996, Itegeko rigenga ingufu za Ukraine No . 1999, Itegeko rya Ukraine ryerekeye kunoza imikoreshereze y’umurimo ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’amabuye yo ku ya 2 Nzeri 2008, n’itegeko ry’amakara ya metani No 1392-6 ryo ku ya 21 Gicurasi 2009. Amategeko y’ingenzi mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi ni: Amategeko ya Ukraine No 74/94 ya Ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1994 yerekeye kubungabunga ingufu, Itegeko rya Ukraine No 575/97 ryo ku ya 16 Ukwakira 1997 ryerekeye amashanyarazi, Itegeko rya Ukraine No 2633-4 ryo ku ya 2 Kamena 2005 ryerekeye gutanga ubushyuhe, Itegeko No 663-7 ryo ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2013 ku bikorwa Amahame yisoko ryamashanyarazi ya Ukraine.
Uruganda rwa peteroli na gaze muri Ukraine rufite igihombo kinini no kubura ishoramari n’ubushakashatsi mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze.Ukrgo n’isosiyete nini ya Leta ya Ukraine ifite ingufu, ivoma 90 ku ijana bya peteroli na gaze mu gihugu.Icyakora, iyi sosiyete yagize igihombo gikomeye mu myaka yashize, harimo miliyari 17.957 hryvna muri 2013 na miliyari 85,044 muri hryvna muri 2014. Igihombo cy’amafaranga cy’isosiyete ikora peteroli na gaze muri Ukraine cyabaye umutwaro uremereye ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta ya Ukraine.
Igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli na gaze mpuzamahanga ryahagaritse imishinga y’ubufatanye bw’ingufu ihagaze.Royal Dutch Shell yafashe icyemezo cyo kuva mu mushinga wa gazi ya shale muri Ukraine kubera igabanuka ry’ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya peteroli na gaze, bigatuma ubukungu budashakisha no kubyaza umusaruro ingufu.