Ukraine iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'Uburayi hamwe n'ibidukikije byiza.Ukraine n’igihugu cya gatatu mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isi, bizwi nka “umutsima w’Uburayi”.Inganda n’ubuhinzi byateye imbere ugereranije, kandi inganda zikomeye zifite uruhare runini mu nganda
01. Umwirondoro wigihugu
Ifaranga: Hryvnia (Kode y'ifaranga: UAH, ikimenyetso cy'ifaranga ₴)
Kode y'igihugu: UKR
Ururimi rwemewe: Ukraine
Kode y'akarere mpuzamahanga: +380
Umugereka w'izina ry'isosiyete: TOV
Izina ryihariye ryizina ryumugereka: com.ua
Abaturage: miliyoni 44 (2019)
GDP kuri buri muntu: $ 3.670 (2019)
Igihe: Ukraine iri inyuma yamasaha 5 mubushinwa
Icyerekezo cy'umuhanda: Komeza iburyo
02. Imbuga Nkuru
Moteri ishakisha: www.google.com.ua (No.1)
Amakuru: www.ukrinform.ua (No 10)
Urubuga rwa videwo: http://www.youtube.com (umwanya wa 3)
Urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi: http://www.aliexpress.com (12)
Urubuga: http://www.bigmir.net (no 17)
Icyitonderwa: Urutonde ruvuzwe haruguru ni urutonde rwurupapuro rwerekana imbuga za interineti
Imbuga rusange
Instagram (No 15)
Facebook (No 32)
Twitter (No 49)
Linkedin (No 52)
Icyitonderwa: Urutonde ruvuzwe haruguru ni urutonde rwurupapuro rwerekana imbuga za interineti
04. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho
Skype
Intumwa (Facebook)
05. Ibikoresho by'urusobe
Igikoresho cyo muri Ukraine amakuru yibibazo: https://portal.kyckr.com/companySearch.aspx
Ikibazo cyo kuvunja amafaranga muri Ukraine ikibazo: http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/
Ukraine itumiza mu mahanga amakuru y’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa:
06. Imurikagurisha rikuru
Imurikagurisha ry’amazi rya ODESSA muri Ukraine (ODESSA): buri mwaka, buri mwaka mu Kwakira mu mujyi wa ODESSA ryaberaga, ODESSA Ukraine ODESSA imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’amazi n’imyidagaduro mpuzamahanga yonyine yo mu nyanja, Ukraine ndetse n’iburasirazuba bwa kabiri mu Burayi imurikagurisha ry’amazi, ibicuruzwa byerekanwe cyane cyane ibikoresho fatizo by’ibanze, inganda za peteroli, gutunganya plastike, catalizator, nibindi
Imurikagurisha ry’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bya Kiev (LISDEREVMASH): Bikorwa buri mwaka i Kiev muri Nzeri, ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rinini kandi rizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bw’amashyamba, ibiti n’ibikoresho byo muri Ukraine.Ibicuruzwa byerekanwe ni imashini zikora ibiti, ibikoresho nibikoresho, ibice bisanzwe nibikoresho byimashini zitunganya ibiti, nibindi
Imurikagurisha rya Ukraine Roadtech: rikorwa buri mwaka mu Gushyingo i Kiev.Ibicuruzwa byerekanwa ni amatara yo kumuhanda, ibikoresho byo kugenzura itara ryumuhanda, inshundura zirinda, ibifuniko bya manhole, nibindi
Imurikagurisha rya Mining World Ukraine rikorwa buri mwaka i Kiev mu Kwakira.Nibikoresho byonyine mpuzamahanga byubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe no kuvoma, imurikagurisha hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara abantu muri Ukraine.Ibicuruzwa byerekanwe ni tekinoroji yubushakashatsi bwamabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, tekinoroji yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi
Imurikagurisha ry’amashanyarazi muri Ukraine Kiev (Elcom): rimwe mu mwaka, riba muri Gicurasi buri mwaka i Kiev, muri Ukraine imurikagurisha ry’amashanyarazi rya Kiev Elcom ni imurikagurisha rinini ry’amashanyarazi muri Ukraine n’imurikagurisha ry’ingufu zindi, ibicuruzwa byerekanwa ahanini ni insinga za electronique, insina, insulation ibikoresho, ibivangwa n'amashanyarazi n'ibindi
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kubaho: Bikorwa buri mwaka muri Nzeri i Kiev, muri Ukraine, Igishushanyo mbonera cya Living Tendency ni imurikagurisha rinini ry’imyenda yo muri Ukraine.Imurikagurisha ryibanda ku bwoko butandukanye bwimyenda yo murugo, ibicuruzwa bitatse imitako hamwe nigitambara cyo gushushanya, harimo amabati, ibitambaro byo kuryama, ibitanda na matelas.
Imurikagurisha ry’ibikoresho bya KyivBuild muri Ukraine (KyivBuild): rimwe mu mwaka, riba buri Gashyantare i Kiev, imurikagurisha ryabereye muri Ukraine inganda zubaka ibikoresho rifite umwanya wa mbere, ni ikirere cy’ikirere, ibicuruzwa byerekanwa ni amarangi, umuryango n’amadirishya, ibikoresho byo hejuru , ibikoresho byo kubaka n'ibindi
Imurikagurisha ry’ubuhinzi muri Ukraine Kiev (Agro): rimwe mu mwaka, ribera i Kiev muri Kamena buri mwaka, ibicuruzwa byerekanwa ni ubwubatsi bw’inka, ubworozi n’ubworozi, ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo, nibindi.
07. Ibyambu bikomeye
Icyambu cya Odessa: Ni icyambu gikomeye cy'ubucuruzi cya Ukraine n'icyambu kinini ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'Inyanja Yirabura.Nibirometero 18 uvuye kukibuga cyindege kandi ifite ingendo zisanzwe mubice byose byisi.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bitumizwa mu mahanga ni peteroli, amakara, ipamba n’imashini, kandi ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byoherezwa mu mahanga ni ingano, isukari, ibiti, ubwoya n’ibicuruzwa rusange;
Icyambu cya Illychevsk: Nimwe mu byambu bikuru bya Ukraine.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni imizigo myinshi, imizigo y’amazi n’imizigo rusange.Mugihe cyibiruhuko, umukoro urashobora gutegurwa nkuko bisabwa, ariko amasaha y'ikirenga arishyurwa
Nikolayev: Icyambu cyo mu majyepfo ya Ukraine mu burasirazuba bw'umugezi wa Usnibge muri Ukraine
08. Ibiranga isoko
Inzego nkuru z’inganda muri Ukraine ni indege, icyogajuru, metallurgie, gukora imashini, kubaka ubwato, inganda z’imiti, nibindi
Azwi ku izina rya “umutsima w’umugati w’Uburayi”, Ukraine n’igihugu cya gatatu ku isi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu mahanga.
Ukraine ifite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse, muri bo umubare w’abakora umwuga w’ikoranabuhanga uri ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi
Ukraine ifite ubwikorezi bworoshye, hamwe na koridor 4 zo gutwara abantu zerekeza i Burayi hamwe n’ibyambu byiza bikikije inyanja Yirabura
Ukraine ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, hamwe n'amabuye y'icyuma hamwe n'amakara y’amakara biza ku isonga ku isi
09. Sura
Genda mbere yurutonde rwingenzi: http://www.ijinge.cn/urutonde-mbere-imbere- mpuzamahanga-ubucuruzi-trip/
Ikibazo cyikirere: http://www.guowaitianqi.com/ua.html
Ingamba z'umutekano: Ukraine ifite umutekano muke, ariko leta ya Ukraine irakora ibikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba mu burasirazuba bwa Donetsk na Luhansk, aho ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi kandi ibikorwa remezo byangiritse cyane.Irinde utwo turere bishoboka
Gutunganya viza: Hariho ubwoko butatu bwa viza yo muri Ukraine, aribwo viza yo gutambuka (B), viza y'igihe gito (C) na viza y'igihe kirekire (D).Muri byo, igihe ntarengwa cyo kuguma muri viza y'igihe gito ni iminsi 90, kandi igihe cyo kuguma muri Ukraine mu minsi 180 ntigishobora kurenza iminsi 90.Viza y'igihe kirekire ifite agaciro muminsi 45.Ugomba kujya ku biro bishinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka kugira ngo wuzuze ibyangombwa byo gutura mu minsi 45 winjiye.Urubuga rwo gusaba ni http://evisa.mfa.gov.ua
Amahitamo yindege: Ukraine International Airlines yafunguye ingendo zitaziguye hagati ya Kiev na Beijing, hiyongereyeho, Beijing irashobora kandi guhitamo i Kiev ikanyura Istambul, Dubai n’ahandi yerekeza.Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kiev Brispol (http://kbp.aero/) kiri nko muri kilometero 35 uvuye mu mujyi wa Kiev kandi gishobora gusubizwa na bisi cyangwa tagisi
Icyitonderwa ku byinjira: Umuntu wese winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Ukraine yemerewe gutwara amafaranga atarenga 10,000 (cyangwa andi mafaranga ahwanye) mumafaranga, amafaranga arenga 10,000.
Gari ya moshi: Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bufata umwanya wa mbere muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu muri Ukraine, kandi bugira uruhare runini mu bwikorezi bwo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.Imijyi y'ingenzi ya gari ya moshi ni: Kiev, Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, na Zaporoge
Gariyamoshi: Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugura amatike ya gari ya moshi muri Ukraine ni kurubuga rwikigo gishinzwe amatike ya gari ya moshi yo muri Ukraine, www.vokzal.kiev.ua
Gukodesha imodoka: Uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga ntirushobora gukoreshwa muri Ukraine.Imodoka zo muri Ukraine zigomba kugenda iburyo, bityo zigomba kubahiriza amategeko yumuhanda
Kubika amahoteri: http://www.igitabo.com
Gucomeka ibisabwa: gucomeka kabiri-pin, voltage isanzwe 110V
Urubuga rwa Ambasade y'Ubushinwa muri Ukraine ni http://ua.china-embassy.org/chn/.Numero yihutirwa ya Ambasade ni + 38-044-2534688
10. Vuga ingingo
Borscht: Irashobora kuboneka muri resitora yuburengerazuba, ariko mwizina ryigishinwa, borscht, borscht nibiryo gakondo bya Ukraine byatangiriye muri Ukraine
Vodka: Ukraine izwi ku izina rya "igihugu cyo kunywa", vodka ni vino izwi cyane muri Ukraine, izwiho imbaraga nyinshi ndetse nuburyohe budasanzwe.Muri byo, vodka hamwe na chili flavour iyobora kugurisha muri Ukraine
Umupira w'amaguru: Umupira ni umwe mu mikino izwi cyane muri Ukraine, kandi ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ukraine ni imbaraga nshya mu mupira w'amaguru mu Burayi no mu mahanga.Nyuma yo kubura amahirwe abiri mu majonjora y’igikombe cyisi cya FIFA ™, ikipe yumupira wamaguru ya Ukraine yazamutse mu gikombe cyisi cya 2006 irangije igera ku mukino wa nyuma ku nshuro ya mbere
Hagia Sophia: Hagia Sophia iherereye ku muhanda wa Vorodymyrska i Kiev.Yubatswe mu 1037 kandi ni katedrali izwi cyane muri Ukraine.Yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’imyubakire y’amateka n’umuco na leta ya Ukraine
Ubukorikori: Ubukorikori bwa Ukraine buzwiho ibihangano byakozwe n'intoki, nk'imyenda ikozwe mu ntoki, ibipupe gakondo byakozwe n'intoki hamwe n'udusanduku twa lacqued
11. Iminsi mikuru mikuru
Mutarama 1: Umwaka mushya wa Geregori
Mutarama 7: Umunsi wa Noheri ya orotodogisi
22 Mutarama: Umunsi wo Guhuriza hamwe
Gicurasi 1: Umunsi w'ubufatanye bw'igihugu
Gicurasi 9: Umunsi wo gutsinda
28 Kamena: Umunsi w'Itegeko Nshinga
24 Kanama: Umunsi wubwigenge
12. Inzego za Leta
Guverinoma ya Ukraine: www.president.gov.ua
Serivisi ishinzwe imari ya Leta ya Ukraine: http://sfs.gov.ua/
Umuyoboro wa Guverinoma ya Ukraine: www.kmu.gov.ua
Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe umutekano n’ingabo muri Ukraine: www.acrc.org.ua
Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Ukraine: https://mfa.gov.ua/
Minisiteri ishinzwe iterambere ry'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi bya Ukraine: www.me.gov.ua
Politiki y'ubucuruzi
Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Ukraine n’ubuyobozi bw’umurenge bushinzwe gushyiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Dukurikije ibiteganywa n’amategeko agenga gasutamo ya Ukraine, umukozi ushinzwe imenyekanisha ashobora kuba abaturage ba Ukraine gusa, inganda z’amahanga cyangwa abatwara ibicuruzwa bashobora gusa guha umukoresha wa gasutamo ya Ukraine cyangwa imenyekanisha rya gasutamo kugira ngo imenyekanisha ritumizwa mu mahanga.
Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko amafaranga yishyurwa ya Leta no gukomeza isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu, Ukraine ishyira mu bikorwa imicungire y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga;
Usibye amatungo n'ibikomoka ku bwoya, ibyuma bidafite fer, ibyuma bisakara hamwe n'ibikoresho bidasanzwe, Ukraine isonewe imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bindi bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, harimo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byinjira mu mahanga;
Ukraine ishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ni komite ishinzwe kwemeza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu cya Ukraine, Komite ishinzwe kwemeza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu cya Ukraine hamwe n’ibigo 25 byemewe muri buri ntara bishinzwe kugenzura no kwemeza ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga;
14. Amasezerano yubucuruzi / amashyirahamwe Ubushinwa bwemeye
Imitunganyirize y’ubufatanye mu bukungu bw’inyanja Yirabura
Imitunganyirize y’ubufatanye muri Aziya yo hagati
Umuryango w’ubukungu bwa Aziya
Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari
Umuryango w’umutekano n’ubufatanye mu Burayi
Ibigize ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bitumizwa mu Bushinwa
Ibicuruzwa bya mashini n’amashanyarazi (kode ya HS 84-85): Ukraine itumiza usd miliyoni 3,296 (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019) mu Bushinwa, bingana na 50.1%
Ibyuma n’ibicuruzwa (kode ya HS 72-83): Ukraine itumiza miliyoni 553 $ (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019) mu Bushinwa, bingana na 8.4%
Ibicuruzwa bivura imiti (HS code 28-38): Ukraine itumiza usd miliyoni 472 (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019) mu Bushinwa, bingana na 7.2%
Ibigize ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byoherezwa mu Bushinwa
Ibicuruzwa byamabuye y'agaciro (kode ya HS 25-27): Ukraine yohereza mubushinwa miliyoni 904 z'amadolari (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019), bingana na 34.9%
Ibicuruzwa by’ibihingwa (kode ya HS 06-14): Ukraine yohereza mu Bushinwa miliyoni 669 $ (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019), bingana na 25.9%
Ibinure by'inyamaswa n'imboga (kode ya HS 15): Ukraine yohereje miliyoni 511 z'amadolari (Mutarama-Nzeri 2019) mu Bushinwa, bingana na 19.8%
Icyitonderwa: Kubindi bisobanuro kubyerekeye ibyoherezwa muri Ukraine mu Bushinwa, nyamuneka hamagara uwanditse uru rutonde
17. Ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho mugihe byoherezwa mu gihugu
Inyandiko zemeza gasutamo: fagitire yinguzanyo, urutonde rwabapakira, inyemezabuguzi, Icyemezo cyinkomoko Ifishi A, ukurikije ibyo umukiriya asabwa
Niba agaciro ka gasutamo karenze amayero 100, igihugu cyaturutse kigomba kwerekanwa kuri fagitire, kandi inyemezabuguzi y’ubucuruzi y’umwimerere ifite umukono na kashe igomba gutangwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishoboke.Utwara ibicuruzwa agomba kwemeza neza niba agaciro k’ibikoresho hamwe n’ibicuruzwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, bitabaye ibyo inshingano n’amafaranga ajyanye no gutumiza gasutamo yatewe n’ibicuruzwa byageze aho byaho bizakorwa neza n’uwabitumije.
Ukraine ifite ibyangombwa byo gupakira ibiti bisukuye, bisaba icyemezo cya fumigation
Ku bijyanye n’urwego rw’ibiribwa, Ukraine ibuza kwinjiza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa birimo fosifeti irenga 5 ku ijana
Kubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, gupakira hanze bigomba kuba bipakiye mu makarito aho kuba imifuka ya PAK
18. Urutonde rwinguzanyo hamwe nu rutonde rwingaruka
Ibisanzwe & Abakene (S&P): B (30/100), icyerekezo gihamye
Moody's: Caa1 (20/100), imyumvire myiza
Fitch: B (30/100), imyumvire myiza
Amabwiriza yo gutanga amanota: Amanota yinguzanyo yigihugu kuva kuri 0 kugeza 100, kandi uko amanota ari menshi, niko inguzanyo zigihugu zizaba nyinshi.Icyerekezo cy'igihugu gishobora kugabanywa mu byiciro "byiza", "bihamye" na "bibi" ("byiza" bivuze ko urwego rw’ingaruka z’igihugu rushobora kugabanuka ugereranije n’umwaka utaha, kandi "bihamye" bivuze ko urwego rw’ingaruka z’igihugu rushobora kuguma ruhagaze neza mu mwaka utaha).“Ibibi” byerekana kwiyongera ugereranije n’urwego rw’ingaruka z’igihugu mu mwaka utaha.)
19. Politiki y’imisoro yigihugu ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga
Amahoro yo muri Ukraine yatumijwe mu mahanga ni amahoro atandukanye
Igiciro cya zeru kubicuruzwa biterwa nibitumizwa hanze;Amahoro ya 2% -5% kubicuruzwa igihugu kidashobora gutanga;Umusoro ku bicuruzwa urenga 10% ugomba kwishyurwa ku bicuruzwa bifite umusaruro munini mu gihugu ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa;Amahoro menshi ashyirwaho ku bicuruzwa bikorerwa mu gihugu byujuje ibyoherezwa mu mahanga
Ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu n’uturere byashyize umukono ku masezerano ya gasutamo n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga na Ukraine bizahabwa imisoro idasanzwe cyangwa ndetse no gusonerwa imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga hakurikijwe ibiteganijwe mu masezerano.
Umusoro usanzwe utumizwa mu mahanga usoreshwa ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu no mu turere bitarashyira umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu na Ukraine, amasezerano y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, cyangwa ibicuruzwa igihugu kavukire kidashobora kumenyekana;
Ibicuruzwa byose byatumijwe mu mahanga bitangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro 20% mugihe cyo gutumiza mu mahanga, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe bisoreshwa umusoro ku byaguzwe
Ubushinwa bwashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibihugu byishimira igiciro cy’ibiciro (50%), kandi ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa bitaziguye.Umuproducer ni uruganda rwanditswe mubushinwa;FORMA icyemezo cyinkomoko, urashobora kwishimira kugabanyirizwa ibiciro
Imyizerere ishingiye ku idini n'imigenzo gakondo
Amadini nyamukuru ya Ukraine ni orotodogisi, gatolika, ababatisita, abayahudi na Mamonism
Abanya Ukraine bakunda ubururu n'umuhondo, kandi bashishikajwe n'umutuku n'umweru, ariko abantu benshi ntibakunda umukara
Mugihe utanga impano, irinde chrysanthemumu, indabyo zumye, ndetse numubare
Abanya Ukraine barashyuha kandi bakira abashyitsi, abatazi guhura na adresse rusange madamu, Nyakubahwa, niba abo tuziranye bashobora guhamagara izina ryabo cyangwa izina rya se
Guhana ibiganza no guhobera ni umuhango wo kuramutsa cyane mu baturage baho
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2022